When the Volt is plugged in and charging in cold weather, an electric heater at the front of the battery pack is used to warm the coolant and pre-heat the battery. Three different systems are used to regulate the temperature of the coolant, said Wallace. The carefully designed grooves stamped into the plates form channels that allow battery coolant that is pumped through the pack to flow over the entire cell surface. The Dana Corp-manufactured cooling fin consists of two lightweight aluminum plates joined by a proprietary clean nickel-brazing process. The battery pack has its own cooling circuit that is similar to, but independent from, the engine cooling system. The design and construction of that aluminum plate is critical to ensuring an even temperature distribution with no hot or cool spots across the flat, rectangular cell. Plastic frames hold pairs of lithium-ion cells that sandwich an aluminum cooling fin. The Volts T-shaped battery pack consists of 288 individual cells arranged into nine modules. Batteries that are too cold are reluctant to release electrons while batteries that run too hot can see a significantly shorter life.
∾very battery has a temperature sweet spot where it provides the optimal blend of power output, energy capacity and long life and we keep the Volt right on that target, said Bill Wallace, General Motors director of Global Battery Systems. The Volts ability to operate gasoline-free on a day-to-day basis and carry an eight-year/100,000-mile battery warranty is due to active thermal management of the advanced lithium ion battery pack.
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